[Solved] CodeBuild "Internal Service Error" - Fix Region-Wide Provisioning Failures

The error "Internal Service Error: CodeBuild is experiencing issues" can show up even when nothing in your own pipeline configuration has changed. This guide walks through how we diagnosed a region-wide CodeBuild failure and what actually fixed it.

The error "Internal Service Error: CodeBuild is experiencing issues" can show up even when nothing in your own pipeline configuration has changed. This guide walks through how we diagnosed a region-wide CodeBuild failure and what actually fixed it.

Internal Service Error: CodeBuild is experiencing issues

What Causes This Error?

This error typically occurs when:

• A source credential (Bitbucket/GitHub/GitLab) connected to your account has become corrupted
• The credential was re-imported or re-authorized multiple times in a short window
• CodeBuild's provisioning step fails while validating account-level source connections
• The issue is regional rather than tied to any single project

Step 1 - Rule Out Your Own Configuration First

Before assuming an AWS-side fault, check the usual suspects:

# Check recent changes to compute fleets
aws codebuild list-compute-fleets --region us-east-2

# Check recent changes to build images / VPC config on a project
aws codebuild batch-get-projects --names <project-name> --region us-east-2

If none of these have changed and the failure is affecting multiple unrelated projects at the same time, the issue is likely outside your project configuration.

Step 2 - Isolate With a Minimal Test Project

Create a brand-new CodeBuild project with no custom VPC, no custom image, and no dependencies — just the defaults:

aws codebuild create-project \
  --name test-region-diagnostic \
  --source type=NO_SOURCE \
  --artifacts type=NO_ARTIFACTS \
  --environment type=LINUX_CONTAINER,image=aws/codebuild/standard:7.0,computeType=BUILD_GENERAL1_SMALL \
  --service-role <role-arn> \
  --region us-east-2

If this minimal project fails with the same error, run the identical test in a different region:

aws codebuild create-project \
  --name test-region-diagnostic \
  --source type=NO_SOURCE \
  --artifacts type=NO_ARTIFACTS \
  --environment type=LINUX_CONTAINER,image=aws/codebuild/standard:7.0,computeType=BUILD_GENERAL1_SMALL \
  --service-role <role-arn> \
  --region us-east-1

If the same project succeeds in one region and fails in another, the problem is scoped to the account in that specific region — not your pipeline.

Step 3 - Check Source Credential History

Region-wide CodeBuild provisioning failures are often traced back to a corrupted source credential. Check how many times it's been re-imported recently:

aws codebuild list-source-credentials --region us-east-2

If a credential has been re-imported several times in a short window (especially across different auth types — OAuth, access token, basic auth), that repeated re-import can corrupt its internal storage and break provisioning for every project in the region, even ones that don't use that credential.

Step 4 - Fix: Delete and Re-Save the Credential

1. Open the CodeBuild console
2. Go to Settings → Source credentials
3. Delete the corrupted credential
4. Re-save a freshly generated access token for the same source provider

No redeploys or infrastructure changes are needed — this is purely an account-level credential fix.

Step 5 - Confirm the Fix

Check the FailedBuilds metric after the fix to confirm builds are succeeding again:

aws cloudwatch get-metric-statistics \
  --namespace AWS/CodeBuild \
  --metric-name FailedBuilds \
  --region us-east-2 \
  --start-time 2026-07-10T00:00:00Z \
  --end-time 2026-07-11T00:00:00Z \
  --period 3600 \
  --statistics Sum

A flat zero across the period confirms the region has recovered.

Quick Summary

Step	Command / Action
Check project config	aws codebuild batch-get-projects --names <project>
Create minimal test	aws codebuild create-project --source type=NO_SOURCE ...
Compare across regions	Run the same test project in a second region
Check credential history	aws codebuild list-source-credentials
Fix	Console → Settings → Source credentials → delete & re-save token
Verify	aws cloudwatch get-metric-statistics --metric-name FailedBuilds

If you're seeing this error and none of your own configuration has changed, check your account's source credential import history before assuming it's a broader AWS outage — a single corrupted credential can silently break every CodeBuild project in a region.

How to Configure Apache Microcache for Drupal?

Apache HTTP Server, commonly known as Apache, is a widely used open-source web server. Caching is an essential aspect of web server optimization — it can significantly improve response time and reduce load on the server. “Apache Microcache” typically refers to a small, quickly-accessible cache used to improve performance, often for a short TTL on top of an origin that would otherwise be hit on every request.

Here are the general steps to configure an Apache Microcache in front of Drupal.

1. Enable mod_cache and the disk cache module

Make sure the caching modules are loaded in your Apache configuration:

sudo nano /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

# Ensure mod_cache is loaded:
LoadModule cache_module modules/mod_cache.so

# Load the disk cache backend. The module name/file depends on your Apache version:
#   Apache 2.4+ (current):  mod_cache_disk  ->  modules/mod_cache_disk.so
#   Apache 2.2 (legacy):    mod_disk_cache  ->  modules/mod_disk_cache.so
LoadModule cache_disk_module modules/mod_cache_disk.so

Version note: mod_disk_cache was renamed to mod_cache_disk in Apache 2.4. Check httpd -v first, and match the LoadModule line, the .so filename, and the <IfModule> guard below to whichever version you’re actually running — mixing the 2.2 and 2.4 names is a common cause of “module not loaded” errors.

2. Configure mod_cache and the disk cache

Below is a baseline configuration tuned for Drupal. Adjust it for your own traffic patterns and site structure; other CMSs will need different CacheDisable paths and TTLs.

<IfModule mod_cache.c>
  # Turn off CacheQuickHandler so requests still pass through
  # other output filters (needed for compression below).
  CacheQuickHandler Off

  # Cache headers off by default; enable only for debugging.
  CacheHeader Off
  CacheDetailHeader Off

  # Cache responses even without a Last-Modified header.
  CacheIgnoreNoLastMod On

  # Cache expiry (seconds).
  CacheDefaultExpire 180
  CacheMinExpire 5
  CacheStoreExpired Off
  CacheLastModifiedFactor 0.5

  # Ignore upstream cache-control so short TTLs above take effect.
  CacheIgnoreCacheControl On
  CacheIgnoreHeaders Set-Cookie Cookie

  # Avoid stampedes / stale serving during revalidation.
  CacheLock On
  CacheLockMaxAge 5

  # Never cache the admin area.
  CacheDisable /admin

  # GZIP compression on cached output.
  SetOutputFilter CACHE
  AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE text/html text/plain text/css \
                        application/javascript \
                        application/rss+xml \
                        text/xml image/svg+xml

  # Disk cache backend.
  <IfModule mod_cache_disk.c>
    # Adjust CacheRoot to a writable path on your server.
    CacheRoot /var/cache/httpd/proxy/
    CacheEnable disk /
    CacheDirLevels 2
    CacheDirLength 1
    CacheMaxFileSize 20000000
  </IfModule>
</IfModule>

Adjust CacheRoot to point to the directory where you want cached data stored, and make sure that directory is writable by the Apache user (chown -R apache:apache /var/cache/httpd/proxy/ or the equivalent for your distro).

3. Save and restart Apache

sudo systemctl restart apache2
# or, on RHEL/CentOS-based systems:
sudo systemctl restart httpd

Things to watch for on a real Drupal deployment

• Authenticated sessions: CacheIgnoreHeaders Set-Cookie Cookie means Apache will happily cache a response even when a session cookie is present. Pair this with CacheDisable on any authenticated paths (/user, /admin, /node/*/edit, etc.) or you risk serving one user’s personalized page to another.
• Cache purging: this config has no active purge/ban mechanism — it’s TTL-based only. If you need instant invalidation on content edits, this microcache approach isn’t a substitute for something like Varnish with BAN support; it’s meant as a lightweight buffer for anonymous traffic spikes.
• Disk I/O: mod_cache_disk writes to local disk, so on multi-node/ECS-style deployments each container gets its own cache — there’s no shared cache state across tasks unless CacheRoot points at a shared volume (and even then, disk cache isn’t designed for concurrent multi-writer access).

That’s it — you’ve configured an Apache Microcache in front of Drupal.

Drupal Admin Toolbar Missing Structure and Configuration After Core Upgrade [Solved]

After upgrading Drupal core from 10.2 to 10.3, many site admins notice that Structure and Configuration disappear from the admin toolbar. Even accessing /admin/structure directly returns a 403 Access Denied error. This is a known issue introduced in Drupal 10.3 and here is how to fix it.

What Causes This?

Drupal 10.3 tightened access evaluation on top-level admin routes. During the upgrade, disabled menu items inside the Administration menu cause Drupal to treat the Structure and Configuration parent routes as inaccessible — so they silently vanish from the toolbar.

The error you will see in the logs:

Path: /admin/structure
Drupal\Core\Http\Exception\CacheableAccessDeniedHttpException:
in Drupal\Core\Routing\AccessAwareRouter->checkAccess()

Step 1 — Go to the Administration Menu

Navigate to the Administration menu edit page in your Drupal admin:

Administration → Structure → Menus → Administration

Or visit this URL directly on your site:

/admin/structure/menu/manage/admin

Step 2 — Delete the Menu Items

In the menu link list, look for the Structure and Configuration menu items. Look for the disabled Structure and Configuration menu items without any children menu items. Delete and save the menu.

Step 3 — Clear All Caches

After saving, clear all caches:

Administration → Configuration → Development → Performance → Clear all caches

Reload the page. Structure and Configuration should now reappear in the admin toolbar.

If the menus still do not appear, log out and log back in to refresh your session.

Quick Summary

Step	Action
1	Go to /admin/structure/menu/manage/admin
2	Delete the Structure and Configuration menu items and save
3	Clear all caches and reload

Reference

D 10.3.0 update: Cannot access admin/structure and admin/config — Drupal.org

[Solved] unit php8.1-fpm.service could not be found

The error "unit php8.1-fpm.service could not be found" indicates that the systemd unit file for PHP-FPM version 8.1 is either missing or the service itself is not installed on your system. This guide walks you through troubleshooting and fixing the issue step by step.

What Causes This Error?

This error typically occurs when:

• PHP-FPM 8.1 is not installed on the system
• The systemd unit file is missing or corrupted
• A different PHP version is installed but you're referencing 8.1
• The service was not set up correctly after installation

Failed to start php8.1-fpm.service: Unit php8.1-fpm.service could not be found.

Step 1 — Check PHP-FPM Installation

First verify whether PHP-FPM 8.1 is installed on your system:

sudo apt list --installed | grep php8.1-fpm

If nothing is returned, PHP-FPM 8.1 is not installed. Install it using:

# Add PHP repository first (if not already added)
sudo apt install software-properties-common -y
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ondrej/php -y
sudo apt update

# Install PHP-FPM 8.1
sudo apt install php8.1-fpm -y

Step 2 — Check the Unit File

Verify that the PHP-FPM service unit file exists for version 8.1. Unit files are located in /lib/systemd/system/ or /etc/systemd/system/:

ls /lib/systemd/system/ | grep php8.1-fpm
ls /etc/systemd/system/ | grep php8.1-fpm

If no unit file is found, the service was either not installed properly or you are running a different PHP version.

Step 3 — Check the Correct Service Name

The service name may differ depending on your Linux distribution and PHP version. List all PHP-related services to find the correct name:

systemctl list-units --type=service | grep php

Common service name variations:

Distribution	Service Name
Ubuntu/Debian	php8.1-fpm
CentOS/RHEL	php-fpm
Amazon Linux	php-fpm

Step 4 — Check PHP Version Installed

Confirm which PHP version is currently active on your system:

php -v

Also check all installed PHP versions:

update-alternatives --list php

Step 5 — Reload Systemd and Start the Service

After installing PHP-FPM 8.1, reload systemd and start the service:

# Reload systemd daemon
sudo systemctl daemon-reload

# Start PHP-FPM 8.1
sudo systemctl start php8.1-fpm

# Enable on boot
sudo systemctl enable php8.1-fpm

# Check status
sudo systemctl status php8.1-fpm

Quick Summary

Step	Command
Check if installed	sudo apt list --installed | grep php8.1-fpm
Install PHP-FPM 8.1	sudo apt install php8.1-fpm -y
Check unit file	ls /lib/systemd/system/ | grep php8.1-fpm
List PHP services	systemctl list-units --type=service | grep php
Start service	sudo systemctl start php8.1-fpm
Enable on boot	sudo systemctl enable php8.1-fpm

If you're still encountering the issue after these steps, check your Linux distribution's documentation or verify whether PHP 8.1 is supported on your current OS version.

[Solved] Drupal Drush Forced Module Uninstall

When working on a Drupal site, you may encounter situations where a module simply refuses to uninstall — either through the Drupal admin UI or via Drush. This guide shows you how to force uninstall a module using Drush and recover your site.

Quick Fix — Drush Forced Module Uninstall

Use the following Drush command to forcefully remove a module from Drupal's core extension configuration:

drush cdel core.extension module.your_module_name

Replace your_module_name with the actual machine name of the module. For example, to force uninstall CiviCRM:

drush cdel core.extension module.civicrm

After running the command, clear the cache:

drush cr

Why Does This Issue Occur?

There are several reasons why a module cannot be uninstalled through normal methods:

• Module upgrade failure — An upgrade left the module in a broken state with unexpected dependencies
• Residual configurations — Leftover config from a previously uninstalled module causes conflicts when re-enabled
• Misconfiguration in settings.php — The module is referenced incorrectly in the settings file
• Module enabled but not configured — The module is active in the database but missing its required settings
• Missing settings file — For example, CiviCRM is enabled but civicrm.settings.php is not present

What Happens When This Occurs?

When a module gets stuck in this state:

• Running drush pmu module_name throws an error
• The Drupal Extend page shows an error or the uninstall button is greyed out
• The entire site may go down with an unexpected error

The error from Drush typically looks like:

The module cannot be uninstalled due to [reason]

Step-by-Step Recovery Process

Step 1 — Force Uninstall the Module

drush cdel core.extension module.your_module_name

Step 2 — Clear Drupal Cache

drush cr

Step 3 — Check Site Status

drush status

Step 4 — Check Logs for Root Cause

# Check Drupal watchdog logs
drush ws --count=20

# Check PHP error logs
tail -f /var/log/php/error.log

Quick Summary

Step	Command
Force uninstall module	drush cdel core.extension module.module_name
Clear cache	drush cr
Check site status	drush status
View recent logs	drush ws --count=20

This command directly removes the module entry from Drupal's configuration, bypassing the normal uninstall hooks. It gives you immediate relief to bring the site back online, after which you can investigate the root cause through Drupal logs, PHP error logs, and your configuration settings.

[Solved] rm: invalid option -- ' ' in Linux

When working on Linux or Unix-like systems, you may occasionally run into this frustrating error:

rm: invalid option -- ' '

This guide explains why this happens and how to fix it quickly.

Why Does This Error Occur?

The rm command is used to remove files and directories from the filesystem. It interprets any argument starting with a hyphen (-) as an option flag, not a filename.

So when a filename starts with a hyphen — for example -filename — the rm command gets confused and throws the invalid option error.

This commonly happens when:

• Files are created accidentally with a leading hyphen
• Scripts generate filenames with special characters
• You copy-paste a filename that starts with -

How to Reproduce the Error

Try creating and removing a file with a hyphen:

# Create a test file with hyphen in name
touch -- -testfile

# Try to remove it normally
rm -rf -testfile

You will see:

rm: invalid option -- 't'

The Fix — Use Double Dash

Use -- (double dash) before the filename. This tells rm that everything after -- is a filename, not an option:

rm -rf -- -testfile

The -- acts as a delimiter — it signals the end of options and the beginning of filenames, even if those filenames start with a hyphen.

Alternative Methods

Method 1 — Use the Full Path

rm -rf ./-testfile

Prefixing with ./ forces rm to treat it as a path, not an option.

Method 2 — Use the find Command

find . -name "-testfile" -delete

Useful when you have multiple hyphen-prefixed files to delete at once.

Quick Summary

Method	Command
Double dash	rm -rf -- -filename
Full path	rm -rf ./-filename
Using find	find . -name "-filename" -delete

All three methods work — rm -- -filename is the most commonly used and easiest to remember.

ಕ್ಲಾಡ್ ಮೈಥಾಸ್ - ಇದು ಭೂತ ಅಲ್ಲ ಭವಿಷ್ಯ

ದೊಡ್ಡ ಕಂಪೆನಿಗಳ ಸಿಂಹಸ್ವಪ್ನವಾಗಿರುವ AI ತಿಮಿಂಗಲ "ಕ್ಲಾಡ್ ಮೈಥಾಸ್" ಏನಿದು ಕ್ಲಾಡ್ ಮೈಥಾಸ್? ಬನ್ನಿ ನೋಡೋಣ.

ಕ್ಲಾಡ್ ಮೈಥಾಸ್ ಆಂಥ್ರೋಪಿಕ್ ಕಂಪೆನಿ ಅಭಿವೃದ್ಧಿಪಡಿಸಿರುವ AIನ ಒಂದು ಹೊಸ ಮಾದರಿ (AI Model). ಇದು ಮುಖ್ಯವಾಗಿ ಸೈಬರ್ ಭದ್ರತೆಯ (cyber security) ಕೆಲಸಗಳಾದ ಸಾಫ್ಟ್‌ವೇರ್‌ನಲ್ಲಿ ಇರುವಂತಹ ದುರ್ಬಲತೆಗಳನ್ನು (vulnerabilities) ಮತ್ತು ದೋಷಗಳನ್ನು (bugs) ಪತ್ತೆಹಚ್ಚಿ ಅವುಗಳನ್ನು ಸರಿಪಡಿಸಲು ನೆರವಾಗುವ ನೈಪುಣ್ಯತೆಯನ್ನು ಹೊಂದಿದೆ.

ಇದು ಅತ್ಯಂತ ಶಕ್ತಿಶಾಲಿಯಾದ AI ಮಾದರಿಯಾಗಿದ್ದು, ಸ್ವಯಂಚಾಲಿತವಾಗಿ (Automatically) ಸೈಬರ್ ದಾಳಿಗಳನ್ನು ಮಾಡುವ ಸಾಮರ್ಥ್ಯವನ್ನು ಹೊಂದಿದೆ.

ಇದರ ಪರೀಕ್ಷಾ ಹಂತದಲ್ಲಿ (sandbox testing) ಕಂಡುಬಂದ ಮುಖ್ಯಾಂಶಗಳು:

1. ಇದು ಆಪರೇಟಿಂಗ್ ಸಿಸ್ಟಮ್ಸ್‌ಗಳಲ್ಲಿನ (Operating System) ಮತ್ತು ಬ್ರೌಸರ್‌ಗಳಲ್ಲಿನ ಸಾವಿರಾರು ಶೂನ್ಯ ದಿನದ ದುರ್ಬಲತೆಗಳನ್ನು (zero day vulnerability) ಸಂಶೋಧಕರ ನಿರ್ದೇಶನವಿಲ್ಲದೆಯೇ ಸ್ವತಂತ್ರವಾಗಿ ಕಂಡು ಹಿಡಿದಿದೆ.
2. ಅತ್ಯಂತ ಸುರಕ್ಷಿತವೆಂದು ಪರಿಗಣಿಸಲ್ಪಡುವ OpenBSD ಆಪರೇಟಿಂಗ್ ಸಿಸ್ಟಮ್‌ನಲ್ಲಿದ್ದ 27 ವರ್ಷದ ಹಳೆಯ ದೋಷವನ್ನು ಪತ್ತೆಹಚ್ಚಿದೆ.
3. ಸಂಶೋಧಕರು ಪರೀಕ್ಷಾ ವಾತಾವರಣವನ್ನು ಬೇಧಿಸಲು ನಿರ್ದೇಶಿಸಿದಾಗ, ಅದನ್ನು ಬೇಧಿಸಿ ಅಂತರ್ಜಾಲದ (internet) ಸಂಪರ್ಕವನ್ನು ಹೊಂದಿ, ಸಂಶೋಧಕರಿಗೆ ಇ-ಮೇಲ್ (Email) ಕಳುಹಿಸಿದೆ.
4. ಸಂಶೋಧಕರು ಇದನ್ನು ಪರೀಕ್ಷಿಸುತ್ತಿದ್ದಾರೆ ಎಂದು ತಿಳಿದು, ಕೆಲವು ಪರೀಕ್ಷೆಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ತನ್ನ ಕ್ರಿಯೆಗಳನ್ನು ಮರೆಮಾಡುವ ಅಥವಾ ಮೌಲ್ಯಮಾಪನದ ಫಲಿತಾಂಶಗಳ ಮೇಲೆ ಪ್ರಭಾವ ಬೀರುವ ಲಕ್ಷಣಗಳನ್ನು ತೋರಿಸಿದೆ.

ನೋಡಿದ್ರಾ ಇದರ ಚಾಣಾಕ್ಷತನವನ್ನು? ಇದು ಏನಾದ್ರೂ ಹ್ಯಾಕರ್‌ಗಳಿಗೆ ಸಿಕ್ಕರೆ ಏನಾಗುತ್ತೆ? ಇರುವೆಗಳಿಗೆ ಬೆಲ್ಲದ ಉಂಡೆ ಸಿಕ್ಕಂತೆ. ಅಲ್ಲವೇ? 😄

ಈ ಎಲ್ಲಾ ಕಾರಣಗಳಿಂದ, ಆಂಥ್ರೋಪಿಕ್ ಸಂಸ್ಥೆಯು, ಕ್ಲಾಡ್ ಮೈಥಾಸ್ ಮಾದರಿಯನ್ನು ಸಾರ್ವಜನಿಕ ವಲಯದಲ್ಲಿ ಬಿಡುಗಡೆ ಮಾಡದೆ, ಪ್ರಾಜೆಕ್ಟ್ ಗ್ಲಾಸ್ ವಿಂಗ್ (Project Glasswing) ಎಂಬ ರಕ್ಷಣಾತ್ಮಕ (Secure) ಕಾರ್ಯಕ್ರಮದ ಮೂಲಕ Apple, Microsoft, AWS, Google ಮುಂತಾದ ಕಂಪನಿಗಳಿಗೆ ಈ AI ಮಾದರಿಯನ್ನು ಉಪಯೋಗಿಸಿಕೊಂಡು, ತಾವು ಅಭಿವೃದ್ಧಿಪಡಿಸಿರುವ ಅತ್ಯಂತ ಗಂಭೀರವಾದ (critical) ಸಾಫ್ಟ್‌ವೇರ್‌ಗಳ ದೋಷಗಳನ್ನು ಕಂಡುಹಿಡಿದು ಅವುಗಳನ್ನು ಸರಿಪಡಿಸಿಕೊಳ್ಳಲು ಅವಕಾಶ ನೀಡಿದೆ.

ಇದು ಅಂತರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಮಟ್ಟದಲ್ಲಿ ಸಹ ತನ್ನ ಹವಾ ಸೃಷ್ಟಿಸಿದೆ. ಇತ್ತೀಚೆಗೆ ಭಾರತದ ವಿತ್ತ ಸಚಿವೆ ನಿರ್ಮಲಾ ಸೀತಾರಾಮನ್ ರವರು, ಮಾಹಿತಿ ತಂತ್ರಜ್ಞಾನದ ಸಚಿವರಾದ ಅಶ್ವಿನಿ ವೈಶ್ಣವ್ ರವರ ಜೊತೆ ಸೇರಿ ದೊಡ್ಡ ಬ್ಯಾಂಕ್‌ಗಳ ಮುಖ್ಯ ಅಧಿಕಾರಿಗಳೊಂದಿಗೆ ಮತ್ತು ಮಾಹಿತಿ ತಂತ್ರಜ್ಞಾನದ ಅಧಿಕಾರಿಗಳೊಂದಿಗೆ ಸೇರಿ ತುರ್ತು ಸಭೆ ಮಾಡಿ ಈ AI ಮಾದರಿಯಿಂದ ಆಗಬಹುದಾದ ಸೈಬರ್ ದಾಳಿಗಳನ್ನು ಅವಲೋಕಿಸಿ, ಕಟ್ಟೆಚ್ಚರ ವಹಿಸುವಂತೆ ಸೂಚಿಸಿದರು.

ಕ್ಲಾಡ್ ಮೈಥಾಸ್‌ಗೆ ಭೂತಕಾಲದಲ್ಲಿ ಯಾವುದೇ ಇತಿಹಾಸವಿಲ್ಲದಿದ್ದರೂ, ಭವಿಷ್ಯದ ಸೈಬರ್ ಭದ್ರತಾ ಜಗತ್ತಿನಲ್ಲಿ ತನ್ನ ಛಾಪು ಮೂಡಿಸುವ ಸಾಮರ್ಥ್ಯವಿದೆ ಎಂಬುದರಲ್ಲಿ ಸಂಶಯವೇ ಇಲ್ಲ.

- ರಾಜೇಶ್ ಕೆಳದಿಮಠ

ಹೆಚ್ಚಿನ ಮಾಹಿತಿಗಾಗಿ:

• anthropic.com
• medium.com
• ndtv.com

ಕೃತಕ ಬುದ್ಧಿಮತ್ತೆ (AI) ಎಂದರೇನು? ಸರಳವಾಗಿ ತಿಳಿಯೋಣ!

AI ಅಂದರೆ ಏನು? ಯಂತ್ರಗಳು ನಿಜವಾಗಿಯೂ ಯೋಚಿಸುತ್ತವೆಯಾ ಅಥವಾ ಊಹೆ ಮಾಡುತ್ತವೆಯಾ? ಬನ್ನಿ ಸರಳವಾಗಿ ತಿಳಿಯೋಣ.

ನಾವು ಇತ್ತೀಚಿನ ದಿನಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಕೃತಕ ಬುದ್ಧಿಮತ್ತೆ ಅಥವಾ Artificial Intelligence (AI) ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಕೇಳಿಯೇ ಇರುತ್ತೇವೆ. ತಿಳಿದೂ ತಿಳಿಯದೆಯೋ ಇದನ್ನು ಬಳಸಿರುತ್ತೇವೆ. ಏನಿದು AI? ಬನ್ನಿ ಒಂದು ಕೈ ನೋಡೇ ಬಿಡೋಣ.

ಮಾನವನ ಹಾಗೆ ಯೋಚಿಸಬಲ್ಲ (think), ಕಲಿಯುವ (learn) ಮತ್ತು ನಿರ್ಧಾರಗಳನ್ನು ತೆಗೆದುಕೊಳ್ಳುವ (decision making) ಸಾಮರ್ಥ್ಯವುಳ್ಳ ಯಂತ್ರಗಳನ್ನು (machines) ಅಥವಾ ತಂತ್ರಾಂಶಗಳನ್ನು (software) ಕೃತಕ ಬುದ್ಧಿಮತ್ತೆ (AI) ಎನ್ನುತ್ತಾರೆ.

ಉದಾ: ChatGPT, Claude, Google Gemini, Microsoft copilot ಇನ್ನೂ ಮುಂತಾದವುಗಳು.

ನಮಗೆಲ್ಲ ಗೊತ್ತು ಬಿಡಪ್ಪ, ಯಾಕೆ ತಲೆ ತಿಂತೀಯಾ ಅಂತೀರಾ? ಹಾ: ಹಾ: ನಮ್ಮ ಬಿರುಗಾಳಿ (wife) ತವರು ಮನೆಗೆ ಹೋಗಿದೆ, ವಾತಾವರಣ ಪ್ರಶಾಂತವಾಗಿದೆ. ಸುಮ್ನೆ ಕೂರೋಕೆ ಆಗ್ತಿಲ್ಲ. ಹೆಂಡ್ತಿ ಇದ್ದಾಗ ಟೋಕನ್ ತೊಗೊಂಡು ಮಾತಾಡಬೇಕು. ಇವಾಗ ಫ್ರೀ ಅಂದ್ರೆ ಬಿಡ್ತೀವಾ😆😆😆.

ಓ ಖುಷಿಯಿಂದ ವಿಷಯವನ್ನೆ ಮರೆತೆ ನೋಡಿ. ಮೇಲಿನ ವ್ಯಾಖ್ಯಾನದಲ್ಲಿ ನನ್ನ ಹೆಂಡ್ತಿ ಮಾತಿನ ತರಹವೇ ದ್ವಂದ್ವವಿದೆ. ಹೌದು!!! ಹೇಗೆ ಅಂತಿರಾ? ಬನ್ನಿ ಹೇಳ್ತೀನಿ. ಇವತ್ತು ನಿಮ್ಮನ್ನ ಬಿಡಲ್ಲ. 😄😄😄

ಯಂತ್ರ ಅಥವಾ ತಂತ್ರಾಂಶ ಹೇಗೆ ಮನುಷ್ಯನ ಹಾಗೆ ಯೋಚನೆ ಮಾಡ್ತವೆ? ಹೇಗೆ ನಿರ್ಧಾರ ತೆಗೆದುಕೊಳ್ಳುತ್ತವೆ? ಹೇಗೆ ಕಲಿಯುತ್ತವೆ?

ವಾಸ್ತವದಲ್ಲಿ AI, ಅತಿದೊಡ್ಡ Dataset ಅಥವಾ ಅಂಕಿ ಅಂಶಗಳ ಆಧಾರದ ಮೇಲೆ ಅತೀ ಸಂಭವನೀಯ ಉತ್ತರವನ್ನು ಊಹೆ ಮಾಡುತ್ತದೆ. ಇದರ ಊಹೆ ತುಂಬಾ ನಿಖರವಾಗಿರುವುದರಿಂದ, ನನ್ನಂತ ದಡ್ಡರು, ಯೋಚಿಸಿ ಹೇಳ್ತಾ ಇದೆ ಅನ್ಕೋತೀವಿ. 🤦🤦🤦

ಉದಾ: ಒಂದು ತರಗತಿಯಲ್ಲಿ ಭೀಮಾನೋ, ಅರ್ಜುನನೋ ವಿದ್ಯಾರ್ಥಿ ಇದಾನೆ ಅಂತ ಅನ್ಕೊಳಿ. 

1. ಅವನು ಶಿಕ್ಷಕರು ಹೇಳಿಕೊಡುವ ಪಾಠಗಳನ್ನು ಕಲಿಯುತ್ತಾನೆ (learning).
2. ಅವನು ಪುಸ್ತಕವನ್ನು ಓದಿ ತಿಳಿದುಕೊಳ್ಳುತ್ತಾನೆ (understanding).
3. ಮತ್ತು ಶಿಕ್ಷಕರು ಕೇಳುವ ಪ್ರಶ್ನೆಗಳಿಗೆ ಯೋಚಿಸಿ ಉತ್ತರವನ್ನು ಹೇಳುತ್ತಾನೆ (thinking).
4. ಅವನು ಹೇಳಿದ ಉತ್ತರದ ಆಧಾರದ ಮೇಲೆ ಶಿಕ್ಷಕರು ಅವನು ಜಾಣ ಅಥವಾ ದಡ್ಡ ಎಂದು ನಿರ್ಧರಿಸುತ್ತಾರೆ ( decision making).

ವಿದ್ಯಾರ್ಥಿಯ ಬದಲು ನಾವು AIನ್ನು ಹಾಕಿದರೆ:

1. ಅದು ಅತಿದೊಡ್ಡ ಅಂಕಿ ಅಂಶದಿಂದ ಮಾದರಿಯನ್ನು ಕಲೆ ಹಾಕುತ್ತದೆ (learn pattern or machine learning). ಉದಾಃ ಭಾರತದ ರಾಜಧಾನಿ - ದೆಹಲಿ ( ಪ್ರಶ್ನೆ - ಉತ್ತರ).
2. ಸಂಭವನೀಯ ಉತ್ತರವನ್ನು ಊಹೆ (predict) ಮಾಡುತ್ತದೆ.

ವಾಸ್ತವದಲ್ಲಿ AI, ಪ್ರಶ್ನೆಗೆ ಸರಿ ಉತ್ತರ ನೀಡಿದರೂ ಸಹ, ಮಾನವನ ರೀತಿಯಲ್ಲಿ ಯೋಚಿಸಲು ಸಾಧ್ಯವಿಲ್ಲ.

 ನಾವು ಈ ತಂತ್ರಜ್ಞಾನವನ್ನು ಸದುಪಯೋಗ ಪಡಿಸಿಕೊಂಡು ಸರಿಯಾದ ಅಂಕಿ ಅಂಶಗಳನ್ನು ನೀಡಿ AIಗೆ ತರಬೇತಿ ನೀಡಿದರೆ ನಮ್ಮ ಬದುಕು ಸುಲಭವಾಗುವುದರಲ್ಲಿ ಸಂಶೆಯವೇ ಇಲ್ಲ. 

ಇದೇ ರೀತಿ ಮುಂದಿನ ದಿನಗಳಲ್ಲಿ AI ಹೆಂಡತಿ ಬಂದರೆ ಗಂಡು ಮಕ್ಕಳ ಸಂತೋಷಕ್ಕೆ ಪಾರವೇ ಇರುವುದಿಲ್ಲ. ಏನಂತೀರಾ ಸ್ನೇಹಿತರೇ???😄😄😄

- ರಾಜೇಶ್ ಕೆಳದಿಮಠ